What causes an ulcer?
The surface of the cornea is a strong barrier. When it is scratched, worn down, or deprived of oxygen, germs can get in. Contact lens wear is the most common risk, especially sleeping in lenses or exposing them to water.
Most ulcers are caused by bacteria. Others come from fungi, often after an injury from a plant or soil; from Acanthamoeba, an organism found in tap water, pools, and hot tubs; or from herpes viruses. Dry or exposed eyes are also at higher risk.
Warning signs
- A red, painful eye that is getting worse
- Sensitivity to light
- Blurred vision or discharge
- A white or gray spot on the cornea
How it’s treated
- 1
Diagnosis
A careful exam, and often cultures: a gentle sample from the ulcer that helps identify the germ and the best medicine.
- 2
Intensive drops
Antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral drops, often every hour at first, day and night.
- 3
Close follow-up
Frequent visits, sometimes daily, to make sure the infection is responding.
- 4
Healing & scars
Many scars fade over time. If one blocks vision, specialty contact lenses or a transplant can help.
Protect your eyes if you wear contacts
Don’t sleep in them
Unless your eye doctor has approved overnight wear, take lenses out before sleeping, even for a nap.
Keep water away
Remove lenses before showers, pools, and hot tubs, and never rinse lenses or cases with tap water.
Fresh solution, clean case
Use fresh solution every time, let the case air-dry, and replace it about every three months.
Scarring from an old infection? Learn about corneal transplants
